Peacebuilding is a contested concept. From liberal peacebuilding, to the emergence of hybridization and incorporating the local, to critical and emancipatory peacebuilding approaches, peacebuilding has increasingly become a space where competing epistemologies and ideologies converge. By examining the liberal peacebuilding model, we can explore how music programs could be incorporated into liberal peace initiatives to improve their effectiveness. Current peacebuilding practices have their roots in the liberal peace model. This approach to peace favors certain liberal ideals such as free markets, the rule of law, and democracy. Arts-based approaches to peacebuilding are a rather novel critical and emancipatory approach to peace. As such, this essay proposes a framework of music as emancipatory peacebuilding that is in response to the critiques of liberal peacebuilding. The aims of this essay are twofold: first, to describe the liberal peacebuilding model and second, to highlight the ways in which music-based programs, as a critical and emancipatory peacebuilding approach, can assist in the areas where the liberal approach falters.